I started with the briefing of the first year students who passes the entrance examination. Among the 250 first year students, only 29 of them pass the subject maybe some of them have experience in using computer or maybe some of them don’t have.
Its amazing in my part because the time that I introduced the topics, most of them are reactive, participative and familiar of the things that I had been discussing.
In the top most of my topic, I found out that students who seated on the back part of the Computer Laboratory are students who came from the barrios and other part of the island who do not have technology experienced by other students.
I realized that the strategy that I use is not effective to all my students. That’s why I group them and have a special tutorials during free time and during vacant time. After a month they can interact with the other students because they fell that they are part of the class….
How is my story?hahaha…funny!that was happened in our province..
Below are the topics and tips that was discussed last June during the start of the class.
Lesson 1
ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. It is defined, for the purposes of this basic coverage as a “diverse set of technological tools and resources, used to communicate. Data is a collection of raw facts, numbers, letters, symbols, or any combination of these that, when arrange provide a result. Information is the data made to be meaningful based on the needs of the user through manipulation. In computer terms information means processed data.
TYPES OF INFORMATION
1. Operational – information pertaining to the daily details that go into running an organization (e.g. receipts, invoices, service records, payroll, etc.)
2. Management – information needed to perform the functions of planning, organizing, directing and controlling. Such information includes those coming from external sources.
3. Strategic – information that is mission critical and relates directly t the thrust of the organization that is required to act in accordance with the environment or market or competition.
DESIRABLE QUALITIES OF INFORMATION
1. Relevant – it must be important to the person receiving or using it.
2. Complete – no vital information should be omitted
3. Timely – information must be available when needed.
4. Accurate – validity of information is necessary for sound decision-making.
5. Presentable – good presentation makes information more understandable.
6. Cost Effective – only essential data processing should be carried out.
Lesson 1.1
Data Processing Methods
Throughout the centuries the changing nature and the sheer volume of data coupled with advancements in technology resulted in a gradual evolution of data processing methods. Regardless of manner of processing data, the objectives of data processing as well as data processing model are still the same.
• Manual Data Processing – implies the extended use of human labor in the processing of data. With these methods, pencils, pens, rulers, worksheets or similar items are used to process data. Such a method is slow and relatively inaccurate and could not support rapidly expanding information requirements
• Mechanical Data Processing – involves the use of machines or devices that alter transmit and direct applied forces. Common examples are mechanical calculator, manual typewriters, and manual cash registers. This method offers the advantages of greater computational speed, accuracy, and legibility, but it requires higher processing volume to justify investments costs.
• Electromechanical Data Processing – involves the use of mechanical devices with electric motors allowing them to carry out any operation. Printers were incorporated to show all the calculations that have been carried out and give a permanent record.
• Electronic Data Processing – the electronic method has proven to have superior capacity to perform computations and other functions at incredible speeds. This is made possible by using the movement of electrical impulses that passes through electronic devices to process data, rather than by the movements of mechanical parts.
The flow of data form the moment it is recorded until the time it becomes usable information is traced taking into consideration what was actually done on the data in the process of transforming it into information.
FIVE MAJOR PHASES
1. ORIGINATION – raw data is first captured, filled in, and recorded on some forms or source documents as transactions occur.
Original source documents are important for two reasons:
• To verify of the accuracy of data
• To be used as a basis for all further actions
This original data might be handwritten, typewritten or prepared in a variety of ways (e.g. employee attendance data for the computation of earnings could be handwritten, stamped by a Bundy clock, or punched on the time card)
2. INPUT PREPARATION – source documents are collected and converted into a form acceptable for digital processing. This is concerned with the accuracy and completeness of data to ensure data integrity.
- Editing/Sorting – significant data are selected and those which do not need to be processed are eliminated. This ensures that all relevant data are available.
- Coding – this reduces the amount of data to be processed through the used of a code (symbolic, usually shorter, representation of a thing or a fact and is comprised of alphanumeric characters) used for the following purposes:
• To reduce the amount of data to be recorded thereby minimizing processing time and cost
• To conceal confidential data or information
• To saves effort and space
• To facilitate error correction
- Verifying – the accuracy of data gathered is checked by comparing the original source document against the data preparation form.
3. PROCESSING – actual operations are performed on data to convert it into information.
- Classifying – data is systematically grouped based on common characteristics (e.g. gender, group, occupation, nationality, citizenship, school, type, department, position, length of service, educational background/attainment)
- Sorting – classified data is physically separated and rearranged into a predetermined sequence, numerically or alphabetically, in ascending or descending order (e.g. by surname, by invoice number)
- Calculating – arithmetical formulas/processes are applied to the data (e.g. finagl grade, average quiz)
- Summarizing – the level of details of data are reduced, generally by listing or tabulating data and totaling each list (e.g. number of failures, number of students in the honor roll)
4. OUTPUT PREPARATION – the processed information is prepared in a format acceptable to the user for analysis or as input for a second cycle.
- Report production – the information gathered is made readable and relevant to users in the form of a report.
- Communicating to the user – the information transmitted to the user in printed or oral form, such as via mail or telephone lines.
5. STORAGE AND FEEDBACK – the result of the processed data is stored for the future use or retrieval. The feedback function is the key to control business.
- Storing – the processed data is stored for future reference or use as input for other processes for the generation of other information. The cost of generating that same piece of information is minimized. Stored information ranges from manually keeping or record or filing of physical documents or reports in filing cabinets to storage in a computer memory.
- Retrieving – storing considers ease of retrieving which may be done manually or with the aid of machine. This is easier if the information is sorted.
- Feedback – the output is compared to and the goal set in advance. Any discrepancy is analyzed, corrected, and feedback to the proper stage in the cycle. The feedback step permits a business person to follow up on essential information and to attain worthwhile goals.
ischoolsecjamero
Your blog is fabulous. This will be a good start for us teachers particularly those who will be teaching the CP-TLE this coming year. Kudos!!!
By: Theresa on November 21, 2009
at 3:41 am
thank you…..pls post ur comments..or topic u want.
By: ischoolsecjamero on November 22, 2009
at 12:13 am
oi….naa pa diaay ka…kmsta na…wala lang updates..kapoy man….hehehe
By: ischoolsecjamero on November 17, 2011
at 11:33 am